![]() With an intolerance, a person may experience some digestive issues after eating the food. Some people might find that consuming nightshades causes irritation to the gut or increases inflammation.īut some people can mistake an allergy for an intolerance. Peppers are part of a family of vegetables known as nightshades. If people think they may have an allergy to bell peppers, they can see their doctor for a skin prick test to check. An allergy to bell peppers is due to a cross-reaction between the vegetable and pollen. It is possible to have an allergy to bell peppers. There are some risks involved with bell pepper consumption in some people. powerful antioxidant capacity, neutralizing free radicals and decreasing risk of cancer and other diseases associated with oxidative stressĪdequate consumption will also help prevent conditions that happen due to a deficiency of vitamin C, such as scurvy.increasing the absorption of non-heme iron (the form found in plants).producing collagen in the body, which is essential for healing wounds and forming connective tissue. ![]() Vitamin C is important for many functions in the body, including: This means the body cannot make it by itself, and it only receives it through diet. Like all vitamins, vitamin C is essential. Share on Pinterest Brian Kennedy/EyeEm/Getty Imagesīell peppers are high in vitamin C, especially red peppers.Īccording to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), half a cup of raw, red pepper provides 95 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C, which accounts for 106% of the recommended Daily Value (%DV) for adults and children aged 4 and over.
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You can also add sugar-free caramel syrup. Tell them to use almond milk instead of regular milk and only a touch of caramel drizzle or no drizzle at all (if you are going for the least carbs possible). This beverage is an invention of the 20th century. Unlike the original macchiato, this version is sweet due to the additions. It’s infused with vanilla syrup, topped with milk foam and a rich caramel drizzle. How to Order a Keto Caramel Macchiato at StarbucksIf you are at Starbuck or your favorite coffee house, you can ask the barista to make you a special keto caramel macchiato. A caramel macchiato is a regularly brewed espresso with steamed milk in a ratio of 2:1. This will make a very creamy caramel macchiato. Almond milk, coconut milk, cashew milk – they all work well in this keto coffee recipe.If you are allergic to nuts, you can use heavy cream instead. But you can substitute with any nut milk. Macadamia nut milk generally has 5 grams of fat and 0 net carbs in one cup. Milk SubstitutionsFor my keto coffees, I like to add macadamia nut milk since it is keto approved and has a higher fat content. Then I pour in the macchiato mixture and top the foam with additional caramel syrup just to add additional caramel, gooey sweetness. It even has the same thick consistency as caramel sauce does.I like to drizzle the sugar free caramel sauce down the sides of my mug before adding the coffee. It is sweetened with monk fruit and tastes exactly like real caramel. Sugar Free Caramel Syrup Although you can use any sugar free caramel syrup in this recipe, my favorite is ChocZero Caramel Syrup. This recipe for keto caramel macchiato uses vanilla extract and sugar free caramel sauce to make an easy homemade version.The easy coffee drink can be made in minutes so you can enjoy a creamy, caramel macchiato every morning or in the afternoon when you need a little more caffeine. Caramel sauce is drizzled down the sides of cup before pouring the coffee and caramel is also drizzled on top of the foam.Traditionally, caramel macchiatos contain a large amount of sugar from the milk, vanilla and caramel sauces. It is made with espresso, steamed milk, vanilla and caramel sauce. Sometimes, if needed, I will add a little bit of water and mix with a spatula to make it thinner for frosting cupcakes.Keto Caramel MacchiatoCaramel Macchiato is a popular espresso beverage sold at Starbucks and many coffeehouses. If it’s been refrigerated, let it sit on the counter for about 30 minutes before trying to decorate your cupcakes. If you want thicker caramel sauce, use less cream. I like to make the buttercream frosting a day or two ahead. Cool 5 minutes then return caramel mixture to room temperature before chilling in refrigerator until cold and thickened but still pourable, about 45 minutes an hour or so. Mix buttercream frosting for a full 5 to 6 minutes.Īdd gel paste food color to the frosting and mix again until thoroughly mixed. Once you have mixed all of the powdered sugarr, start adding milk 1 tablespoon at a time and keep mixing. ![]() Next, add powdered sugar (in 2 to 3 batches, you don’t want to make a mess) and mix thoroughly. Add remaining cup of powdered sugar to coffee glaze to thicken it. Spoon a large teaspoon of Nutella into the hole in the cupcake. Add coffee extract and mix until well blended. Spread about a teaspoon of coffee glaze over the top of the cupcake and inside the hole you made. In the bowl of a stand mixer, add softened butter and mix. Carefully remove the cupcakes and place them on a cooling rack. Using a large cookie scoop that is 3 tablespoons in size, scoop batter into each cupcake liner.īake cupcakes for about 15 to 17 minutes (take a toothpick and stick it into the center of a couple cupcakes and if it comes out clean, your cupcakes are done). Mix with a hand mixer until combined, and then for a few more seconds. In a large mixing bowl, add all of the cupcake ingredients. Take a cupcake/muffin tin and place cupcake liners in it. ![]() Even though, most trial software products are only time-limited some also have feature limitations. After that trial period (usually 15 to 90 days) the user can decide whether to buy the software or not. Trial software allows the user to evaluate the software for a limited amount of time. Demos are usually not time-limited (like Trial software) but the functionality is limited. In some cases, all the functionality is disabled until the license is purchased. Demoĭemo programs have a limited functionality for free, but charge for an advanced set of features or for the removal of advertisements from the program's interfaces. In some cases, ads may be show to the users. ![]() Basically, a product is offered Free to Play (Freemium) and the user can decide if he wants to pay the money (Premium) for additional features, services, virtual or physical goods that expand the functionality of the game. This license is commonly used for video games and it allows users to download and play the game for free. There are many different open source licenses but they all must comply with the Open Source Definition - in brief: the software can be freely used, modified and shared. Programs released under this license can be used at no cost for both personal and commercial purposes. Open Source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify or enhance. Freeware products can be used free of charge for both personal and professional (commercial use). Wipe files and folders, wipe free disk space, wipe complete partitions, or complete drives with Pseudorandom Data.įreeware programs can be downloaded used free of charge and without any time limitations.Creating and Editing System Restore Points.Browse registry - Browse the registry in turbo mode.DLL Cleaner-Frees the system from unnecessary and old DLL files.Backup & Restore - complete backup and restore the registry.DirToHTML - output contents of a selected directory as an HTML file.Defragment Registry- Analyze and optimize the registry database.DiskDoctor-lists and corrects errors on the disk.AntiSpy - disable settings in Windows, which will autonomously contact the Internet.Find Duplicate Files - In time duplicates of all kinds accumulate on the hard drive, which needlessly takes up space and can down the entire system. ![]() Optimize services - Disabling unnecessary services lowers the background activities, win system resources and shoveling memory free, which can be used for other programs.Make room on your PC - Remove Unnecessary Files.NOTE: The settings made are applied to the "1-Click Maintenance and Automatic Maintenance" Registry Cleaner - Cleans registry, eliminates errors and optimizes the performance of the computer.1-Click Maintenance and Automatic Maintenance - can be with the "Auto Maintenance" and "1-Click Maintenance" multiple optimization steps run automatically, to ensure a tidy, reliable and fast operating system.Plugin Cleaner - deleting Internet traces, Windows tracks, and program traces.Download HDCleaner for PC Now! Features and Highlights Whether you clean the hard disk or the registry, encrypt data, split files, remove traces of use, backup the registry, defragment or search and replace registry keys, values and data with super fast search algorithm - in the clear "toolbox" you will always find the right tool to speed up your PC and optimize. HDCleaner offers a comprehensive toolkit for system maintenance under Windows. Here are the Authorized Access Options in detail: These are options are different methods of securely accessing the RoboForm App on your device.
![]() A phase theory has been developed to account for the sporadic appearance and disappearance of locust swarms. The grouse (or pygmy) locust is a member of the family Tetrigidae (see pygmy grasshopper). "They're really gross, disgusting," said Michele Burbano of Arlington, whose house and shrubs were covered yesterday with buzzing cicadas and the husks of the moulted insects. Cicadas (order Homoptera) also may be called locusts, the 17-year locust being the 17-year periodic cicada. One is a congregational "song," a humming, hymn-like sound, but the male also has an irritated sound of alarm and an apparently seductive mating call. 6, now in full song, is not considered a large brood.Īctually only the male cicadas sing, said Bruce. ![]() 14, which was more noticeable in the inner suburbs here in 1974 and is not expected to be heard from again until 1991.īrood No. 2, which created quite a garden stir in the Washington area in 1979, and brood No. So, let’s delve into details and find out how these three species differ from one another on the basis of appearance, eating habits, sound, and characteristics. Some of the common insects during these periods are the locust and cicadas, which normally. This guide on Locust vs Cicada vs Grasshopper aims to help you identify these three common garden insects and how they differ from one another. During summer and winter, all kinds of insects become common making it perhaps the best time to interact and study their behaviors. 10 is the largest in the Northeast and is expected to resurface in 1987. Cicadas (left) and locusts (right) are often confused as being the same insect although they belong to different orders. Scientists have been numbering the cicada broods in this country since the 1800s. The Greeks ate them, apparently in their soft moulted stage. While locusts are considered pests, the many species of cicadas have been mentioned kindly for 2,000 years, as religious symbols, as pets in many lands and as ingredients in folk medicine. ![]() And locusts are really grasshoppers, the ones written about in the Bible" that swarm in clouds dozens of miles across and can sweep across a continent destroying most living plants in their path, Bruce said. "People call them 17-year locusts but they're really cicadas. The insects do no lasting harm to the trees. The tiny nymphs born from eggs planted in branches by the female later fall and bore into the ground attaching themselves to tree roots, reemerging 17 years later. and in six weeks they'll be dead," said Carol Bruce, Arlington's agricultural extension agent. "Basically what they're going to do is sing a lot, you know, humming, and then mate. With black, bullet-shaped bodies, gossamer wings and bright red eyes, the harmless two-inch insects have prompted thousands of calls to local officials in the last week. 6 of 17-year locusts, actually cicadas, surfacing in the Washington area after 16 1/2 boring years underground attached to the roots of trees and perennial plants. In fact, their calls are sometimes so loud. "They're eating my children and my shrubbery," said another. Another difference between these two groups of herbivorous insects is their calls. "I've got monster flies in my yard," one Arlington caller told the County Extension Office. Actually, only locusts swarm, due to the fact that they release hormones in the air which attracts other locusts and keeps them together. ![]() Thomasville Marketplace Luxury Trellis Shag Rugs. With a Fireplace Electric from Costco, you can enjoy the look and feel of a real fire without the mess and maintenance of a wood burning fireplace. Costco’s fireplaces come in a variety of shapes and sizes, from traditional wood burning and electric models, to modern gas and ethanol fireplaces.Step 4: Visit Your Local Costco Store or Shop Online Home Heating & Cooling Fireplaces & Stoves Fireplaces & Stoves Fireplaces Electric Fireplaces Gas Fireplaces Fireplace Logs Shop All Fireplaces Stoves Pellet Stoves Wood Stoves Electric Stoves Shop All Freestanding Stoves & Accessories Fireplace & Stove Inserts Electric Fireplace Inserts Gas Fireplace Inserts Shop All Fireplace InsertsDesigned for use in open-hearth fireplace Made in USA The Duraflame Natural Firelogs are available in a 9-Pack of 6-lb logs (54 lbs total) and are priced at $22.99. Have an idea of how much money you’re willing to spend before going shopping so that when deciding between models fitting with your budget won’t be challenging. Enjoy Free Shipping & browse our great selection of Heating & Cooling, Electric Fireplaces, Entertainment Fireplaces and more!Fireplaces at Costco range in price from under $100 to over $4,000 depending on brand, features and design. R.W.FLAME 60" Recessed and Wall Mounted Electric Fireplace.Find Fireplaces & Accessories at Wayfair. Costco Well Universal Wood Electric Fireplace $599 Thank you for visiting and. Costco Well Universal Wood Electric Fireplace $599. Traviston 190 5 Cm 75 In Infrared Media Mantel Electric Fireplace Natural Oak And Dark …Designed for use in open-hearth fireplace Made in USA The Duraflame Natural Firelogs are available in a 9-Pack of 6-lb logs (54 lbs total) and are priced at $22.99. Real Flame Deland Grand Electric Fireplace Costco. Real Flame Beau Mantel Electric Fireplace Costco. Muskoka Huntley 59 In Media Electric Fireplace Costco. Does not apply to Apple, Dyson, Membership, Tyres, Pre-Orders or Business Delivery.Real Flame Winterset 187 9 Cm 74 In Media Console Electric Fireplace Dark Walnut Costco. Save 20% instantly at checkout when you spend $1,000 or more on. Out of Stock.Home Heating & Cooling Fireplaces & Stoves Fireplaces & Stoves Fireplaces Electric Fireplaces Gas Fireplaces Fireplace Logs Shop All Fireplaces Stoves Pellet Stoves Wood Stoves Electric Stoves Shop All Freestanding Stoves & Accessories Fireplace & Stove Inserts Electric Fireplace Inserts Gas Fireplace Inserts Shop All Fireplace InsertsTresanti Mayson TV Console with ClassicFlame CoolGlow 2-in-1 Electric Fireplace and Fan. Video featuring products available on Winston Mantel Electric Fireplace with LED Firebox 2KW. Tresanti Kerrigan TV Console with ClassicFlame CoolGlow 2-in …Everest-media-fireplace-walnut. Ledgestone Electric Fireplace with Stacked Stone – White / Gray. Turn an uninspired fireplace into an architectural feature with these six design tips from Costco. Enjoy low warehouse prices on name-brand Fireplaces & Accessories products.A well-decorated fireplace – starting with the mantel – can make any room look special. Enjoy low warehouse prices on name-brand Fireplaces products.Find a great collection of Fireplaces & Accessories at Costco. Find a great collection of Fireplaces at Costco. All designs are available exclusively in Costco Warehouses &. Real Flame Gel Fuel Cans - 24-Pack - Gelled Isopropyl Alcohol for. And with the touch of a button, you can enjoy all the atmosphere of a fire with none of the fuss or mess of a wood fireplace. They’re simple to install, with none of the vents, screens, or gas lines from gas or wood fireplaces. Electric Fireplaces Simplicity is key with electric fireplaces. Twin Star Media Mantel Fireplace Length: 1:18 Added: Jan-23 Views: 749. Enjoy low warehouse prices on name-brand All Fireplaces products. Buff the dried mixture off the doors with newspaper until they shine (Image 3).Find a great collection of All Fireplaces at Costco. Dip a microfiber cloth in the mixture and rub on glass doors (Image 2). Mix 1/4 cup warm water, 1/4 cup white vinegar and 1/4 cup cornstarch in a bowl to make a paste (Image 1). Great deal, looks like the border around that unit is a bit larger than the one thats at costco. Costco model is NEFL50HS and one at Kent is NEFL50HF-BT. Similar unit is on sale at Costco for $399 + tax. ft.) handily ensuring your comfort with a high and low setting.Shipping is $37.41 to Ontario, for a price of $324.76 all in. Ideal for heating spaces up to 37.16 sq.m (400 sq. 0:30 1294701-18kt …Product Details Manufacturer’s Customer Support: Tel: 1-86 The Napoleon 137.16 cm (54 in.) electric fireplace is easily hung on the wall like a piece of art. ![]() By simply turning down the heat in your entire home and turning on your chimney-free fireplace in the room you use the most, you can watch the cost savings add up. ![]() Dubbed HyperSmooth 5.0, the image stabilization mitigates camera shake and includes horizon leveling. It has an 8:7 aspect ratio sensor and supports 10-bit color, up from the 4:3 aspect ratio sensor and 8-bit color on the Hero 10 Black. This model offers the best video quality and battery life of any GoPro, and it has improved image stabilization performance. Great for adventures and travelers alike, the GoPro Hero 11 Black is the company’s flagship camera (and it’s also our pick for best action camera overall). ![]() Once complete, you can click Close to close the File Manager window.Video resolution: Up to 5.3K at 60 fps | Still image resolution: 27 megapixels | Waterproof rating: Up to 33 feet | Connectivity: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB-C | Display size: 2.3-inch (rear touchscreen), 1.4-inch (front) | Size: 2.8 x 2 x 1.3 inches | Weight: 5.4 ouncesīest for: Capturing smooth, high-resolution video in any environment.If not, correct the error or revert back to the previous version until your site works again. Test your website to make sure your changes were successfully saved.Click Save Changes in the upper right hand corner when done.A dialogue box may appear asking you about encoding.htaccess file and then click on the Code Editor icon at the top of the page. Alternatively, you can click on the icon for the. htaccess file and click Code Edit from the menu. The File Manager will open in a new tab or window. Make sure Show Hidden Files (dotfiles)" is checked.Check the box for Document Root for and select the domain name you wish to access from the drop-down menu.In the Files section, click on the File Manager icon.htaccess files in cPanel's File Managerīefore you do anything, it is suggested that you backup your website so that you can revert back to a previous version if something goes wrong. htaccess file for most people is through the File Manager in cPanel. Edit the file on your computer and upload it to the server via FTP.htaccess file at some point, for various reasons.This section covers how to edit the file in cPanel, but not what may need to be changed.(You may need to consult other articles and resources for that information.) There are Many Ways to Edit a. It is possible that you may need to edit the. htaccess file, and many scripts such as WordPress, Drupal, Joomla and Magento add directives to the. Redirects and rewriting URLs are two very common directives found in a. htaccess file contains directives (instructions) that tell the server how to behave in certain scenarios and directly affect how your website functions. ![]() On platforms that enforce case-sensitivity PNG and png are not the same locations. Notice that the CaSe is important in this example. In this example the image file must be in public_html/cgi-sys/images/ This varies by browser, if you do not see a box on your page with a red X try right clicking on the page, then select View Page Info, and goto the Media Tab. The properties will tell you the path and file name that cannot be found. Right click on the X and choose Properties. When you have a missing image on your site you may see a box on your page with with a red X where the image is missing. On platforms that enforce case-sensitivity example and Example are not the same locations.įor addon domains, the file must be in public_html//example/Example/ and the names are case-sensitive. In this example the file must be in public_html/example/Example/ When you get a 404 error be sure to check the URL that you are attempting to use in your browser.This tells the server what resource it should attempt to request. If this continues, renewable energy will remain less competitive than coal. While the fossil fuel subsidy maintains the affordability of electricity, the amount of subsidy is still disproportionately large compared to the carbon tax. The carbon tax will not have significant impacts if the subsidies for fossil fuel energy such as coal aren’t being phased out or shifted towards renewable energy. This is because up to 80% of production costs lie in the electricity cost. In this case, the government has the opportunity to alter a number of regulations on the ease of doing business for the renewable energy sector. Therefore, the application of the carbon tax needs to be accompanied by sufficient renewable energy alternatives and low-emission technology for it to create incentives to reduce emissions. If the price of emission is too small, businesses will just see it as a modest increase to their production cost, but not enough of a trigger for them to invest and transform into a sustainable business operation. One of the objectives of the carbon tax is to stimulate industry innovation and transition towards low-emission technology. More than 20 countries have included a carbon tax in their climate strategy. However, while the carbon tax initiative is a remarkable stepping-stone for Indonesia’s climate change mitigation, with one of the lowest carbon prices in the world, it might not serve as an effective incentive to shift market behaviour towards sustainable operation. This is a small amount compared to the suggested carbon tax rate by the World Bank and IMF, which is between US$30-$100 per ton of CO₂e for developing countries. Indonesia is set to charge a levy of Rp30 per kilogram of CO₂-equivalent (CO₂e), or US$2.10 per ton of CO₂e, from July this year. The #Government decision to delay #carbon #tax implementation by three months has come as a #Relief to #Indonesia #economy,which already had to cope with rising #fuel, #Cookingoil, #soybean prices as well as a #valueaddedtax rate that increased by one% point this month - Salina Reddy April 6, 2022 The carbon tax follows a cap and tax scheme, where corporations pay taxes if their carbon emission reaches beyond a limit set by the government. With all eyes on Indonesia for its climate action following the country’s G20 presidency, taxing US$2.10 for a ton of emissions may not be enough to save the country from its climate crisis.Ī carbon tax is a price instrument that charges on the amount of carbon emission to produce goods and services. ![]() In the middle of the year, the Indonesian government will put its carbon tax into practice through a pilot program directed at coal-fired power plants, but it’s yet to be determined how much it will reduce Indonesia’s greenhouse emissions. ![]() C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Local\lunarclient-updater\pending\temp-Lunar Client v1.10.6.exe.C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Roaming\Lunar Client.Folders found on disk after you uninstall Lunar Client from your PC: Lunar Client has the habit of leaving behind some leftovers. The information on this page is only about version 1.8.9 of Lunar Client. For other Lunar Client versions please click below: They occupy about 89.76 MB ( 94120680 bytes) on disk. The executable files below are installed alongside Lunar Client. Keep in mind that if you will type this command in Start / Run Note you may be prompted for admin rights. Lunar Client's primary file takes around 89.42 MB (93765056 bytes) and is called Lunar Client.exe. In this case, you should perform a clean boot to find the incompatible software.A way to uninstall Lunar Client from your systemThis web page contains complete information on how to remove Lunar Client for Windows. It is developed by Moonsworth, LLC. Open here where you can get more info on Moonsworth, LLC. Usually the Lunar Client application is found in the C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming\LunarClient folder, depending on the user's option during setup. The full command line for uninstalling Lunar Client is C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming\LunarClient\Uninstall Lunar Client.exe. If the above methods don’t work, you should consider whether the problem is caused by software incompatibility. This post may help you: How to Download, Install, and Use Lunar Client – Minecraft. You should uninstall the client first and then download and install it again. If the above methods don’t work, please try reinstalling Launch Client. To get the detailed guide, please read this post: Download, Install, and Update Java 32 Bit & 64 Bit. Go to the official Java website and then download and install Java again.After uninstalling Java, please restart your PC.Find the Java software, right-click it, and select Uninstall.Type “ cpl” and hit Enter to open the Programs and Features window.Press Windows key + R at the same time to call out the Run.In this case, you need to reinstall Java. Therefore, corrupt Java Runtime Environment may be a cause of the Lunar Client crashing issue. Playing Minecraft requires the Java Runtime Environment. Under Allocated Memory, drag the block to adjust the RAM.įix 4.Launch Lunar Client and go to Settings.To make the game run smoothly, you should make sure you have allocated enough memory to the game. Then, launch the game again to see if the problem is solved.Select the new folder you created just now and click Select Folder to set it to the launch directory.Under Launch Directory, click the Change Directory minecraft folder, and create a new folder under this directory (you can name the new folder as your will). Open the Run box, type “ %appdata%”, and press Enter to open the Roaming.Some people report that they have fixed the Lunar Client crashing issue by changing the game launch directory. Wait until the update process is completed. Select Search automatically for updated driver software in the pop-up window.Expand the Display adapters, right-click the driver, and select Update driver.Press “ Windows + X” keys, and then select Device Manager in the pop-up menu to open it.In most cases, you can troubleshoot the graphics card issue by updating the graphics driver. To make the graphics card work well, you should make sure the graphics driver is fine. To fix the Lunar Client crashing issue, you can try the following 6 solutions one by one. How to Fix the Lunar Client Crashing Issue Why does Lunar Client keep crashing? The possible reasons are as follows: However, some people report that they have encountered the Lunar Client crashing issue when launching the game. ![]() Therefore, many people will like to use this game launcher. Compared to the official game launcher of Minecraft, Lunar Client can download and launch the game faster, improve game fps, and install some MODs faster (the official game launcher requires users to install MODs manually while Lunar Client doesn’t have this need). ![]() Lunar Client is a free third-party game launcher of Minecraft.
![]() Freud’s reputation is now quite properly in radical decline Kafka’s, somehow, lives on. He offers no clinching proof, and at one point goes so far as to say, “It is highly improbable that Kafka ever considered the possibility of homosexual relations.” His own view is that Kafka was “the poet of his own disorder.” Friedländer writes, “The issues torturing Kafka most of his life were of a sexual nature.” Although he doesn’t say so explicitly, he appears to believe that Kafka was a repressed homosexual-that the shame and guilt Friedländer mentions in his subtitle were chiefly over Kafka’s hidden sexuality. He does not doubt Kafka’s greatness, though he resists explaining in what, exactly, it resides. ![]() Friedländer’s method in this short book is to weave back and forth between the life and the work in an attempt to explain Kafka’s significance. As Kafka lost his three sisters, so did Friedländer lose his parents in Nazi camps.įriedländer is well aware of the competing theories about the meaning of Kafka’s small body of work, which includes three uncompleted novels, some two dozen substantial short stories, an assemblage of parables and fragment-like shorter works, diaries, collections of letters (many to lovers whom he never married), and the famous Letter to His Father, which he never sent. His father went to the same university Kafka did, though some 15 years later. Like Kafka’s, his family, German-speaking and Jewish, originated in Prague. His affinity for Kafka is historical and personal. Friedländer is by trade not a literary critic but a historian. Franz Kafka: The Poet of Shame and Guilt, by Saul Friedländer, is another strong entry in the derby. The September 7, 2012, issue of The Times Literary Supplement ran a review by Gabriel Josipovici of several recent books on Kafka. The parables, Walter Benjamin wrote, are “never exhausted by what is explainable on the contrary, he took all conceivable precautions against the interpretation of his writings.” Whatever these precautions may have been, they were inadequate, for the works of Franz Kafka-apart perhaps only from the Bible and the works of Shakespeare-may be the most relentlessly interpreted, if not overinterpreted, in the modern world. “His is an art more poignantly and disturbingly obscure,” he added, “than literature has ever known.” One thinks one grasps Kafka’s meaning, but does one, really? All seems so clear, yet is it, truly? A famous aphorism of Kafka’s reads: “Hiding places there are innumerable, escape is only one, but possibilities of escape, again, are as many as hiding places.” Another runs: “A cage went in search of a bird.”Īs with Kafka’s aphorisms, so with his brief parables. Kafka created “obscure lucidity,” Erich Heller wrote in his book on Kafka. As a character in Isaac Bashevis Singer’s story “A Friend of Kafka” says, Kafka was “ Homo sapiens in his highest degree of self-torture.” Still, the consensus remains that Franz Kafka is a modern master-a master, more specifically, in the modernist tradition, housed in the same pantheon as Joyce, Picasso, Stravinsky, Mallarmé, and other artists who have radically altered contemporary understanding of the world. Hypochondriac, insomniac, food faddist, cripplingly indecisive, terrified by life, obsessed with death, Franz Kafka turned, as best he was able, his neuroses into art. Kafka doesn’t make for very comforting reading at bedtime, either. Distinctly not a jolly way to start the day. So much torture, description of wounds, disorientation, sadomasochism, unexplained cruelty, appearance of rodents, beetles, vultures, and other grotesque creatures-all set out against a background of utter hopelessness. ![]() I, for different reasons, have been having a difficult time reading Franz Kafka with my morning tea and toast. Edmund Wilson claimed that the only book he could not read while eating his breakfast was by the Marquis de Sade. |
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